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Short commentary

Isolation and characterization of twenty-three microsatellite loci for the black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii

Received: April 02, 2018
Accepted: May 01, 2018
Published: May 05, 2018
Genet.Mol.Res. 17(2): gmr16039912
DOI: 10.4238/gmr16039912

Abstract

Twenty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed from the black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, with an enriched partial genomic library by magnetic beads and polymorphism of these loci was assessed in 32 individuals from a wild population. The loci yielded 2-19 alleles per locus, the observed, expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.063 to 1.000, 0.091 to 0.945 and 0.085 to 0.926, respectively. Twenty loci confirmed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and only one pairs of loci show significant linkage disequilibrium after Bonferroni’s correction. The availability of these markers will facilitate studies of the conservation genetics of S. schlegelii.

Introduction

The black rockfish (S. schlegelii) is an important commercial fish distributed in Northwest Pacific enjoying high popularity in China, Korea and Japan (Yoshida et al., 2005). In recent decades, commercial exploitation and environmental changes have caused a decline in its population. Thus, demand for hypervariable molecular markers to provide a population-genetic perspective on conservation and management efforts of the spices (FAO, 1993) becomes urgent. Although few microsatellite loci have been isolated from S. schlegelii, more microsatellite markers are needed for further work on population structure within and among populations. In this paper, we describe twenty-three more polymorphic microsatellite loci that would be useful to facilitate further conservation genetics studies in S. schlegelii.

Material and Methods

Thirty-two individuals of S. schlegeli were collected from the northern coastal waters of the Yellow Sea and preserved in alcohol until DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was extracted from muscle using a regular phenol-chloroform procedure (Sambrook et al., 2000), and simultaneously digested with restriction enzyme Sau3AI (Promega). DNA fragments ranging in size from 400 to 1000bp were collected and consequently ligated to adaptors (OligoA: 5'-GATCGTCGACGGTACCGAATTCT-3' and OligoB: 5'-GTCAAGAATTCGGTACCGTCGAC-3'). DNA fragments were amplified in a 25-μL reaction mix using the adaptor-specific primer (OligoA). Subsequently, the amplified DNA fragments were hybridized to biotinylated (CA)16 and (GA)16 probes,then captured by streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (Promega). Unhybridized DNA was washed away, and the remaining DNA was eluted from the beads. The enriched DNA was then ligated to pGEM-T easy vectors (Promega) and transformed into competent Escherichia coli DH5α cells to construct an enriched microsatellite sequence library. Positive clones were identified by PCR with SP6, T7 and (CA)16 or (GA)16 primers and sequenced on an ABI 3730 XL DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems).

Primers were designed using Primer Primer 5.0 (Premier Biosoft) and subsequently tested at standard PCR conditions with six specimens. Successfully amplified loci with expected sizes were further evaluated with a sample of thirty-two individuals collected from Changdao, Shandong Province. PCR reactions were performed in a 25-μL reaction volume containing 0.4μM of each primer, 0.2mM dNTPs, 2mM MgCl2, 1×PCR buffer, 1U Taq polymerase (Tiangen, China) and 50–100ng DNA. Amplification was performed under the following conditions: 94°C for 5 min, followed by 32 cycles of 94°C for 45 s, optimal annealing temperature (Table 1) for 45 s, and 72°C for 1 min, and a final extension step at 72°C for 10 min. Amplified products were separated by electrophoresis on 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels, and visualized with silver staining. Allele sizes were estimated according to a 50-bp DNA ladder (Tiangen, China) with software Gel-Pro Analyzer4.5 (Media Cybernetics).

Locus/
Accession No.
Primer sequence(5¢-3¢) Ta(℃) Repeat motif Size range (bp) A Ho He PIC HWE
P value
HJ3-3/
KJ472145
F:TGAGACTGAATTATGGGAGA
R:AAATGCTTACAGGGCTTC
60 (AG)7(TC)10(AC)5 122–134 8 0.188 0.867 0.836 0.000*
HJ5-1/
KJ472146
F:ATACGCTCTGTATTCAACG
R:ACTTCCACATCAAATGTCCT
63 (AG)7C(GA)19 215–267 12 0.688 0.859 0.828 0.062
HJ5-6/
KJ472147
F:CTGCCGAATCAGAGGTGT
R:GCCAGCGTAGGAAGGAAT
60 (CT)10 302–311 4 0.156 0.205 0.193 0.030
HJ5-7/
KJ472148
F:CCCTTAGGCTGGACAACT
R:GTGAATCTGCACCCGTGA
64 (CA)12GA(CA)7…(AC)5…(TG)5 352–363 6 0.375 0.445 0.414 0.029
HJ5-24/
KJ472149
F:AAATGAACTACCAAAGGAAGCG
R:GGGAAATCTCAAAGCAAACACT
64 (TTC)4...(GCT)5 457–468 4 0.406 0.622 0.547 0.000*
HJ5-26/
KJ472150
F:GACTCACCCTGCAAACAC
R:TACCACCCAGACACCACA
64 (AC)13 206–232 9 1.000 0.869 0.839 0.010
HJ5-29/
KJ472151
F:ATGGCGTCTTGCCCTTGT
R:CGCGGCCTTTTCATCTCA
60 (AC)8 187–201 9 1.000 0.881 0.853 0.007
HJ5-31/
KJ472152
F:AATTGGTTGTTAATTCCGGTCC
R:GCCTTTCTTTCCAAATTCAGTG
50 (CT)26…(TC)5 138–145 2 0.094 0.091 0.085 1.000
HJ5-34/
KJ472153
F:TTCTGCTGAATGAGGGAG
R:CAGCGGGAGTTTGTATTG
60 (AG)5 490–498 4 0.500 0.538 0.494 0.014
HJ5-44/
KJ472154
F:GCACCAATCTGTACCATCA
R:TAAGAGCCCAGTCACCAT
60 (TGCG)3…(TGCG)3 144–166 6 0.750 0.766 0.716 0.179
HJ5-46/
KJ472155
F:CCACTGGCAGATAAACGA
R:TTTTAACGGGCAGTTGTG
63 (TG)15…(TG)10 197–219 13 0.656 0.856 0.829 0.049
HJ5-47/
KJ472156
F:GGCCTCAAATGACAAGGT
R:CCAGGGTGCTCTGAAGAA
63 (AC)5G(CA)20 362–496 19 1.000 0.945 0.926 0.114
HJ5-58/
KJ472157
F:CGCTCGGTGTTGATTTCG
R:CGCCACTTCAGCTCCTTT
60 (CA)5 210–239 5 0.375 0.397 0.364 0.241
HJ5-64/
KJ472158
F:GTCCACTTGGTGAGGGGTTT
R:TGGAGCAGAACAGGGCGTAG
60 (CT)6…(CT)5 496–500 3 0.438 0.673 0.588 0.007
HJ5-65/
KJ472159
F:TTTACAGGTCTTGAAGCAGG
R:GAAGTTGAAGTTTTGAGGG
60 (CT)10 176–188 4 0.500 0.663 0.586 0.093
HJ5-75/
KJ472160
F:CACCTGGATTTATTTGGG
R:AAGAGGCAGTATGGATGG
60 (CT)9 168–180 6 0.375 0.473 0.446 0.010
HJ5-84/
KJ472161
F:AGCATCAGGGATAAAGGA
R:GACGATTAGCCAGGTTGT
60 (CA)6 188–199 5 0.313 0.379 0.353 0.027
HJ5-103/
KJ472162
F:ACAGGAGAACAGGCAAGG
R:TCAGCACGAGTACCGAAG
62 (AC)27…(AC)12 335–411 10 0.906 0.895 0.869 0.118
HJ5-120/
KJ472163
F:GCCCGACTCACCAAAACA
R:TCCACAAATCGCCGTCTC
52 (GA)6 280–285 3 0.063 0.121 0.116 0.031
HJ5-134/
KJ472164
F:AGTGAAGCCACTGTGAGA
R:AGTGAAGCCACTGTGAGA
63 (TTAGGG)6GTT(GGGTTA)6…(GGGTTA)5 126–182 7 0.719 0.824 0.788 0.010
HJ5-140/
KJ472165
F:AAGAGCCCAGTCACCATG
R:TGACCTCGGGTAGAAACG
60 (GCAC)4 162–186 4 0.438 0.534 0.417 0.323
HJ5-153/
KJ472166
F:TGCTGGATCGGTAAGAAG
R:CCCGCATCAGTGAGAAAA
60 (TCCTC)3…(CT)7 190–200 4 0.500 0.411 0.368 0.774
HJ5-154/
KJ472167
F:GGGTGAGTGAGGAAGGAT
R:GCACAACTCTGCCAAAAC
60 (CCTCT)4 158–178 4 0.125 0.455 0.372 0.000*

Table 1: Characteristics of twenty-three microsatellite loci developed from S. schlegelii.

The number of alleles (Na), observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho, He) were calculated using POPGENE 1.31 software (Yeh et al., 1999). Polymorphism information content (PIC) was estimated with PIC-CALC v0.6. Tests of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) were analyzed using GENEPOP v3.4 (Raymond and Rousset, 1995). The value for all diversity tests of significance was corrected by Bonferroni’s correction (Rice, 1989).

Results and Discussion

Sixty-eight positive clones were obtained after amplifying. Fifty-six of them contained microsatellites and Fifty-two sequences provided sufficient quality for primer pairs to be designed after sequencing. Of the primers designed, 48 generated clear and specific products consistently, and 23 primers present polymorphic. A total of 151 alleles were detected in all 32 individuals. The allele number of the 23 polymorphic loci ranges from 2 to19 with an average of 6.565 per locus. Polymorphism information content ranges from 0.085 to 0.926. 8 and 12 loci presented a medium or high level of polymorphism according to standard of Botstein et al. (1980), respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.063 to 1.000 (mean 0.503) and 0.091 to 0.945 (mean 0.599), respectively (Table 1).

Conclusion

After Bonferroni’s correction, p values were set to 0.002 for HWE and 0.0002 for linkage disequilibrium. Three loci (HJ3-3, HJ5-24 and HJ5-154) showed significant deviations in the observed genotype frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and one pair of loci yielded a significant linkage disequilibrium. The microsatellite loci developed here should be particularly useful for genetic identification and population management of S. schlegelii in future conservation biology efforts.

Acknowledgment

This study was supported by China Agriculture Research System (CARS-47-Z14), Major Agriculture Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province (2017-2020), Modern Agriculture Industry System of Shandong Province of China(SDAIT-22-04) and Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China (2017B030314052)

About the Authors

Corresponding Author

C. F. Jia

Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, P.R. China

Email:
chaofeng.124@163.com

References

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